Problems of Teen Pregnancy Essays

Problems of Teen Pregnancy Essays Problems of Teen Pregnancy Essay Problems of Teen Pregnancy Essay RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Definition and explanation of teenage Pregnancy Teenage pregnancy is simply defined teenage girl who became pregnant at an early age. The term connotes that the girl has not reach the legal adulthood before conceiving. Like United States, our country, Philippines also facing this kind of problem. Our government discusses how to prevent and low down the rate of pregnancy especially in the teenagers. Most cases of teenage pregnancies are observed in the lower economic strata of society where there is a lack of knowledge, awareness and facility to address the problem of unintended pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy is often associated with an increase rate of delinquent behaviors including alcohol and substance abuse. An absentee parent can create insecurities in children, and depending on the parents role in the childs life, can make some children more prone to crime and other emotional issues. Causes of teen pregnancy and tips to surpass it Family problem affects the thinking ability of a teenager. It makes them to create decisions that they think its good for them, they ask advices to their friends than their families. This is also the time that teens are starting to learn to drink alcohol nd use prohibited drugs to satisfy their selves and to forget the problems between his/her family. One thing that the teens think can help them to get away from their family is to get pregnant. They act so reckless yet after getting pregnant theyll come to their parents for the financial support for the baby. If the family problem doesnt stop that early this will be the reason for the adolescent to pursue their plan in getting pregnant. Their mind is really sober and cant think well, one of the family members should talk to their family member that is involved on the specific circumstances. Parents have the most important role in the life of a teenager. They are the ones that adolescents look up too whenever they have problems. They must be responsible for the safety and wellbeing of their children. Try to be more supportive than to criticize them. Try to discuss with them some certain issues to reach an outcome that you and your teenager can both accept. Make conversation with them over breakfast and dinner, having heart to heart talk with will help to enlighten their minds and they can think clearly. One factor that leads teen girls to become pregnant is peer pressure. Many teens exualize themselves or engage in behavior for which they are not yet ready because they want to fit in or be popular. Peer pressure to engage in sexual activity is so common, a variety of terms refer to the behavior, such as hooking up, booty calls or referring to someone as a friend with benefits. If youre a parent, consider the impact that peer pressure could have on her decisions, and the potential ramifications of this impact. Any teen succumb to pressure to have sex. All teens have sexual urges especially boys, they engage in sex before they are ready. Popular drugs, smoking, alcohol, sex and dangerous driving. If their friends value having sex, then they are likely to have sex, too. Many times these teens let their friends influence their decision to have sex even when they do not fully understand the consequences associated with the act. Still others find it easier to give in and have sex than to try to explain why not. Some teenagers get caught up in the romantic feelings and believe having sex is the best way they can prove their love. Most teenagers experience sudden and hitherto unknown emotions and feelings during their early puberty. They feel a natural sense of rebelling against the set norms as well. All this, coupled with a sudden sense of new-found freedom and sexuality, results in many of them giving vent to their feelings through sexual expressions and experiences. The only way they could probably achieve that would be by having a boyfriend or girlfriend or at least by dating and indulging in sexual acts often. This kind of rash behavior could lead to unintended pregnancies. When you feel threaten and pressure, you must stop and ignore them. These people will bring the worst out of you. Find a substitute and affirming friend, its good to have friends who can affirm you. Develop a sense of humor; crack a Joke and veryones going to admire you. Be prepared, make a plan and be prepared for the times youll face peer pressure. Most teens do not want to become pregnant; they are still becoming so as a result of sexual activity. While actual force to have sex is rare, many teenage girls (especially those under the age of 1 5) feel pressured to have sex. Rape does happen and is one of the reasons that teen pregnancies occur. Rape by boyfriends, family members and even strangers can result in teen pregnancy. 50 60% of teens were molested prior to their first pregnancy, 50% of perpetrators were family members. To avoid rape, avoid walking alone as much as possible. Be mentally prepared. Always carry pepper spray and learn self defense. Ways of Preventing Teen Parenthood Teenage pregnancy is a rather frightening reality that can change your life in an instant. The good news is that teenage pregnancy is avoidable: By not having sex, you never risk getting pregnant. If you do decide to have sex, its best to stay informed about what you can do to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Abstinence is the only form of birth control that is 100% effective in preventing pregnancy. Abstinence also protects people form STDs. This way helps teenagers to refrain from getting pregnant. Also prevents pregnancy by keeping the sperm out of the vagina. For us, abstinence is the safest way of preventing pregnancy. It has many benefits, it has no medical and hormonal side effects and it is free. Teenagers can used this method to focus on school, career and family. Any woman or man can abstain from sex play. Many do so at various times in their lives. Teen girls are more likely to get pregnant if they have limited or no guidance from their parents. Many parents have busy lives that prevent them from providing the guidance and support hat their young teenagers need to make good decisions on issues such as sex. If youre a parent, talking to your children will have a big effect on them especially when youre talking about intercourse. Communicating with your children about sex, love, and relationships is often more successful when you are clear in your own mind about these issues. Start the conversation, and make sure that it is honest, open, and detailed information you might need, but dont let your lack of technical information make you shy. If youre a teenager, ask advices to the people you trust. Let them larify issues about pregnancy and sex. Dont be shy asking your parents about it. Being open to them will keep you away from the risk of getting pregnant. The effectiveness of birth control methods is critically important for reducing the risk of unintended pregnancy. Effectiveness can be measured during perfect use, when the method is used correctly and consistently as directed, or during typical use, which is how effective the method is during actual use (including inconsistent and incorrect use). Using contraceptives helps those to refrain to avoid pregnancy also some contraceptives are good for health. You can use injectable progestin; this method is extremely effective since all thats required of a woman is to return to her health care provider for a shot every three months. Males can use male condoms; these are thin tube made of latex. This is the best contraception to avoid having STDS. Psychological Effect of Teen Pregnancy Its common for pregnant teens to feel a range of emotions, such as fear, anger, guilt, confusion, and sadness. It may take a while to adjust to the fact that youre going to have a baby. Its a huge change, and its natural for pregnant teens to onder whether theyre ready to handle the responsibilities that come with being a parent. A. Emotional Effect 1 . Initial Excitement Some teenagers are excited to bear a child, especially when it is their first pregnancy. They are excited to see their baby. Others are excited to buy clothes and other things for the baby. They think of names for the baby. 2. Confuse Some are confused and at a loss on what to do. They are too young and many have no idea about bearing a child. 3. Afraid Some are scared. They think of questions like, How should I tell my parents? How will I face my classmates? or What is the best thing to do to solve this problem? They are afraid to answer these questions. They feel scared on what will be the reactions of their parents. 4. Frustrated Pregnant teenagers will realize that they are not yet ready to bear a child when its already late. 5. Hopelessness Low self-esteem increases vulnerability and decreases her ability to refuse to go along with risky sexual behaviors. 6. Denial Some teenagers Just neglect and abandoning her/his baby. 7. Worries about the future Several uncertainties may arise. She may start worrying how would she dealing with he baby herself. 8. Mood Swings Its very common to have mood swings during pregnancy. Some girls may also experience depression during pregnancy or after delivery. B. Mental Effect of Early Pregnancy 1 . Depression It is common among pregnant teenager who is desperate to solve their problems. Some teenagers try to solve their problem by abortion and suicide. Abortion, it is the removal of a fetus from the mothers womb. Abortion is illegal. About 300,000 to 500,000 women undergo abortion every year. Article 256, 258 and 259 in the Revised Penal Code of the Philippine penalize women who undergo bortion and others who help her with imprisonment. Some teenager, however, think A woman of any age is pregnant and unaware of it is likely not to get the nutrition she needs to sustain both herself and her unborn child. Part of what boosts the rate of mortalities in teen births is that, worldwide, teens have a higher rate of premature birth and low birth-weight babies. Many researchers believe that this is due to a lack of adequate prenatal care, either because teen mothers are too scared or lack the financial resources to seek out medical help. Many wait until the third trimester to ee a doctor, which raises levels of anemia and nutritional deficiencies in young mothers. Because of this lack of early care, children of teen mothers are more likely to suffer from health issues and to be hospitalized within their first year of life. Prematurity plays the greatest role in low birth weight, but intrauterine growth retardation (inadequate growth of the fetus during pregnancy) is also a factors. The younger a mother is below age 20, the greater the risk of her infant dying during the first year of life. It is very important for pregnant teens to have early and adequate renatal care. Factors can be divided into maternal and fetal. Maternal factors include age (younger than age 1 5, older than age 35); weight (pre-pregnancy weight under 100 lb or obesity); height (under five feet); history of complications during previous pregnancies (including stillbirth, fetal loss, preterm labor and/or delivery, small-for-gestational age baby, large baby, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia); more than five previous pregnancies; bleeding during the third trimester; abnormalities of the reproductive tract; uterine fibroids; hypertension. Premature may have problems ith his or her vision, digestion, and respiratory. Children born to teenage mothers are less likely to receive proper nutrition, health care, and cognitive and social stimulation. As a result, they are at risk for lower academic achievement. Teens are more at risk for certain problems during pregnancy, such as anemia, high blood pressure, and giving birth earlier than usual (called premature delivery). Clinic- focused programs provide easier access to information, counseling by health care providers, and contraceptive services. Many of these programs are offered through school-based clinics. See a doctor as soon as possible after youVe found out that you are pregnant to begin prenatal care. Take vitamin supplements that are recommended by your doctor to support you and your babys health. Avoid the intakes of drugs and alcohol during pregnancy. Using illegal drugs such as cocaine or marijuana during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, prematurity, and other medical problems. Babies can also be born addicted to certain drugs. Socioeconomic Problems Throughout the developed world, teenage pregnancy is more common among young people who have been disadvantaged in childhood and have low expectations f education or the Job market. Socio-economic circumstances seem to play a major role in rates of teen pregnancy. There may be a growing lost generation of young people who see no reason not to get pregnant. Teens coming from poor economic status and single parents are more likely to participate in risky sexual behaviors. For some disadvantaged youth, particularly for girls whose self esteem tends to drop as they mature, sexuality may be all they have to value. Children of teenage parents are more likely to have problems and to eventually become teenage parents themselves, hus perpetuating the cycle of poverty begun by a teenage birth. It is widely individuals in higher social classes are healthier and live longer than those in lower classes. This is true regardless of whether income, education or another socioeconomic indicator is used and regardless of the health outcome used. Teen mothers are less likely to complete the education necessary to qualify for a well- paying Job ?only 38 percent of mothers who have children before age 18 obtain a high school diploma. This disparity in education, not surprisingly, tends to affect income level. Teenage mothers and fathers tend to have less education and are more likely to live in poverty than their peers who are not teen parents. Babies born to teen mothers are more likely to have health problems at birth, do poorly in school, do time in Jail and also become teen parents. Teen pregnancy is the leading cause of females dropping out of high school. Furthermore, less than 2 percent of teen mothers attain a college degree by age 30. Because of their lower education status, teen mothers on average earn lower incomes than their peers, and are thus more likely to be in poverty. Unmarried mothers of all ages reported most dissatisfaction with educational achievement. With the little income of both parents, its very difficult to provide with the required nutrition and care. Its very difficult for teenage mother and father to support themselves and their baby. As their education is cut short, its very difficult for teenage parents to find decent Job. Some parents Just abandoned their child to escape the poverty. Teen Fathers The adolescent father faces immediate developmental crises, which include completing the developmental task of adolescence making a transition to arenthood, and sometimes adopting to marriage. These transitions can be stressful. The decision to include the young father in all aspects of the care is based on assessment in the following four areas: (1) the couples relationship; (2) levels of stress, concern, and coping; (3) educational and vocational goals; and (4) the level of health education knowledge. Adolescent fathers need support to discuss their emotional responses to the pregnancy. The fathers feelings of guilt, powerlessness, or bravado should be recognize because of their negative consequences for the arents and the child. Counseling the adolescent fathers needs to be reality oriented. Topics such as finances, child care, parenting skills, and the fathers role in the birth experience must be discussed. Teenage fathers also need to know about reproductive physiology and birth control options as well as safer sex practices. The adolescent father may continue to be involved in an ongoing relationship with the young mother and his baby. In many instances, he also plays an important role in the decisions about child care and raising the child. He is encouraged to use coping echanisms that are not detrimental to his own, his parents, or his childs well- being. Fathers can experience postpartum depression. There is a lot of advice out there for girls who find them facing an unwanted or unexpected pregnancy but there is very little information out there for guys. It takes two to make a baby but all too often when the pregnancy is announced the guy gets lost in the confusion. But teen fatherhood is not something to be taken lightly and along with responsibilities to the more likely to get involved with criminal behavior, including alcohol and drug abuse, nd drug dealing. Depending on their age, teen fathers can also face charges of statutory rape. Teen fathers earn less over time than men who have children at an older age. Over time, teen fathers earn 10 to 15 percent less annually than male teens that wait to have children. A young fathers financial insecurity or confusion about child care was most likely to lead to a stated disinterest, and that disinterest predicted uninvolvement. To be a good teen father you can do the following: Choosing to stand by your baby is a big deal and shows that you definitely have the potential for the Job. If you are still in a relationship with the mother of the child then thats great, you can work together to be good parents and raise a happy child. Be sure to support the mother through the pregnancy, it is a very diffic ult time for her and her body is changing in a big way. Try and have some sort of balance, if you are working constantly you will never get to see your child. Teenage fathers should be a role model to their baby. They are the one shaping the characteristic of their children. Teen Mothers The very young adolescent mother is inexperienced and unprepared to recognize he early sign of illness, potential danger, or household hazards. She may inadvertently neglect her child. The higher mortality rates among the infants of adolescent mother are attributed to the inexperience, lack of knowledge, and immaturity of the mothers, causing them to unable to recognize a problem and obtain the necessary resources to rectify the situation. Nevertheless, in most instances, with adequate and developmentally appropriate teaching, Adolescents can learn effective parenting skills. The transition to parenthood may be difficult to adolescent parents. Coping ith the developmental task of parenthood is often complicated by the unmet developmental needs and tasks of adolescents. Some young parents may experience difficulty accepting a changing self image and adjusting to new roles related to the responsibilities of infant care. Other adolescent parents, however, may have higher self concepts than their non-parenting peers. As adolescent parents move through the transition to parenthood, they may feel different from their peers, excluded from fun activities, and prematurely forced to enter an adult social role. The conflict between their own desires and the infants emands, in addition to the low tolerance for frustration that is typical of adolescents, further contribute to the normal psychosocial stress of child birth. Maintaining a relationship with the babys father is beneficial for the teen mother and her infant the involvement of the babys father is related to appropriate maternal behaviors and positive mother-infant relationship. Adolescent mothers provide warm and attentive physical care; however, they use less verbal interaction than do older parents, and adolescents tend to be less responsive to interact less positively with their infants than do older mothers. In comparison with adult mothers, teenage mothers have a limited knowledge of child development. They tend to expect too much of their children too soon and often characterize their infants as being fussy. This limited knowledge may cause teenagers to respond to their infants inappropriately. Sex Education having no effect on teens to avoid sex, but others can see it has a way to decrease teen pregnancies in America. According to Advocates for Youth (2009), comprehensive sex education programs helped youth delay onset of sexual activity, reduce the frequency of sexual activity, reduce number of sexual partners, and ncrease condom and contraceptive use. An important component of an ongoing sex is effective communication with parents. When peers are the primary source of sexual information, it is transmitted and exchanged in secret conversation and contains a large amount of misinformation. Adolescent need precise and concrete information that we allow then to answer questions such as What if I start my period in the middle of class? or How can I keep people from telling I have a n erection? it is important to tell them what they want to know and what they can expect to happen as they became mature sexually.

Football match Essays

Football match Essays Football match Essay Football match Essay After these phases, you will be invited to a trial at a club. Talent Identification schemes will simply pick the best individuals i. e. who they believe is most likely to make it as a professional footballer. Some football clubs want to test your fitness and your performance in a football match whilst others just concentrate on the latter. Speed is very important in football today as the game is very fast-moving and hence this attribute is considered by almost all clubs, normally they will judge speed by seeing performers sprint in a football match. It is of vital importance that there are opportunities for football performers for specific populations, who may be under-represented due to a wide range of barriers. In England, there is a whole host of opportunities specifically aimed at disabled athletes, the diagram below shows the importance the country pays to include everyone regardless of their ability: The level of provision for females in England is much lower than that of the provision for males, due to the lack of female teams and the lack of demand for female footballers. The FA funds full-time football development staff in each County Football Association to deliver its development programme. These include 47 Womens and Girls Football Development Officers working strategically across the country to introduce the playing opportunities required. There is a gender imbalance for performers progressing through to elite level of representation. In conclusion, having researched the provision for football performers in England, I can say that there is no shortage of opportunities available and it is mostly at the digression of people to make the most out of them. One positive is that most of them are free and do not require any previous experience which is good as it involves everyone regardless of their ability. To improve provision for football performers, there could be a remit for females to progress through the pathways the same as males. Word Count: 1000 By Rashid Muhidin : Bibliography   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Football_Association.

Customer Relationship Management-CRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Customer Relationship Management-CRM - Essay Example CRM includes various elements such as information needed to understand customer better, the process management required appropriate experiences to customers, software tools, and the training and change management elements (Kincaid 2003, p.37). CRM enables an organization to identify its target customers, maximize sale management, improve its relationships with customers through personalization, and identify customer needs among others. Successful CRM depends on the use of technology such as data mining to organize and synchronize sales, marketing, and customer service among others. This paper explores customer relationship management particularly the data mining technique and its importance in an organization. Every business is highly dependent on its customers hence the need to understand and satisfy customer needs, and excellent customer service is an integral part of CRM (Brink and Berndt 2008, p.21) and it is all about being aware of the needs of the customer and respond to them effectively. CRM plays a leading role in business operation as it helps business executives to understand and respond to customer needs in a consistent and effective way. Customer information is the most important part of customer relationship management, and it serves as a critical component of building loyalty (Kincaid 2003, p.47). It is very difficult and challenging to manage countless customers and have many employees to communicate with each customer. Therefore, customer accounts provide necessary information about the customer such as the contact information, order history, and preferences among others. Customer relationship management software assists business executives to keep track of their contacts and schedules. Moreover, CRM systems help salespeople to keep track of customer interactions, and advances in technology have led to increased use of CRM systems

Slip & Fall Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slip & Fall - Assignment Example Hence the defense is correctly drawn as far as the grocery store rules are concerned. The bag boy had done his duty which is important to consider in defense of the grocery store. Ann is being emotional in her response because it was her mistake in the first place and the grocery store should not pay for her lapse in concentration. Also the fact that she did not read the wet floor sign and disregarded it was her own mistake, which needs to be understood on the part of the court. Hence suing the grocery store for damages is unwarranted and does not merit a case at all. Ann should have known better where she is in the wrong and what kind of error she has committed in bringing her downfall (Biggermann, 2010). The grocery store did everything to make sure that she did not cross the barrier but putting up the wet floor sign but if she did not read it, then it is solely her own mistake and the store must not be blamed for it. Also the fact that many customers visit this grocery store on a daily basis is enough for the court to understand that a grocery store can just do so much. The customers need to be wary of the signs that are put up at such places and find out where they are going wrong or committing mistakes. This will put them at ease as far as slipping and falling down dynamics are concerned. It is important that the court considers the defense of the grocery store management as well before reaching on to a decision. The facts are there for the court to see and analyze, and now it is the responsibility of the honorable court to reach a decision which is based on impartiality and fairness. Ann must have known she is not following the proper rules and procedures within the grocery store and this is one aspect that should not have lingered on to such proportions. However, this unfortunate event took place much to the agony

Determining the Rate Equation of a Reaction Essay Example for Free

Determining the Rate Equation of a Reaction Essay The aim of this experiment is to determine the rate equation for the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid using the order of the reaction with respect to each of the reagents. HCl (aq) + Na2S2O3 (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + SO2 (g) + S (s) When Hydrochloric acid is added to sodium thiosulphate, a solid ppt of sulphur is formed. I will use this to judge when the reaction has ended. The rate equation for this reaction is R = k [HCl]x [Na2S2O3]y In this equation: R = the rate of reaction k = the rate constant x and y = order of reaction with respect to HCl and Na2S2O3 (e. g. 0, 1, 2 etc) [HCl] = the concentration of HCl [Na2S2O3] = the concentration of Na2S2O3 My experiment will enable me to calculate x and y through plotting the volume against the reciprocal of the time it takes for the ppt to form. Preliminary work: The demonstration done by my teacher show that 50 cm3 of thiosulphate and 20 cm3 of deionised water mixed with 5cm3 of hydrochloric acid took 14.93 seconds to form the ppt. I will use this as a guide to decide which set of concentrations I will use to get a reasonable time which I can plot. When I implement my plan, I will plot my results. Using the shape of the graph, I will then deduce the order of the reaction. The following graphs show the shapes I should get for each order of a reaction. I am not changing the volume of hydrochloric acid because I want to test the effect of changing the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate to be able to find out the order of the reaction with respect to the sodium thiosulphate. Apparatus: * White tile with X in the middle. I will place my reacting solution on this white tile and time until the cross can no longer be seen. * Stop watch to time the experiment * Stirring rod * 5 cm3 measuring cylinder to measure the hydrochloric acid * Two 50 cm3 burette to measure the deionised water and the sodium thiosulphate as it is more accurate than a measuring cylinder. * One 250 cm3 conical flask into which I will mix my reagents * Two funnels to full my burettes, which I will remove before looking at the meniscus. * I will be supplied with deionised water, HCl and Na2S2O3 Concentrations: Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4 Run 5 Na2S2O3 (cm3) 50 45 40 35 30 Deionised Water (cm3) 20 35 30 35 40 Variables: Fixed Independent Dependent Temperature: the experiment will be done at room temperature. I will control the temperature because changing the temperature changes the rate which will affect me results. Concentration of HCl: I will keep this constant because I can only change the concentration of one reagent to see the effect this has on the rate. If I change both reagents I will not be able to tell the order of the reaction is with respect to which reagent. The white tile and cross: changing this might affect my visibility of the cross and the time. Total volume: I will keep this the same to ensure a fair experiment and the same visibility due to smaller volumes being more shallow and I might see the ppt at different times. My independent variable is the volume of the sodium thiosulphate. By altering the volume and adding deionised water, I am changing the concentration. This will enable me to observe how this will affect the rate of the reaction The dependent variable is the time taken for the cross to disappear. Method: 1. fill one of the 50 cm3 burette with sodium thiosulphate and the other with deionised water using the funnel and remove funnel before looking at meniscus. The bottom of the meniscus should be on the zero line. 2. measure into the conical flask the exact amount stated in the table above of the sodium thiosulphate and the water for run 1. 3. measure using the 5 cm3 cylinder 5 cm3 of HCl. 4. place the conical flask on the white tile with the cross 5. add the hydrochloric acid and start the stop clock. 6. stir the mixture briefly. 7. look at the conical flask from the top and stop the stop clock as soon as the cross is no longer visible. 8. write the time taken in the table. 9. repeat steps 1-8 for the other runs. I will then convert the times into rates by doing 1/t. this will go along my y-axis. The volume of the sodium thiosulphate will go along the x-axis. Based on the shape of my graph I will then decide what the order of the reaction is with respect to the sodium thiosulphate. Safety: Chemical Hazards HCl Solutions equal to or stronger than 2 mol dm-3 but weaker than 6.5 mol dm-3 are IRRITANT. Na2S2O3 Sodium thiosulphate may be harmful if you swallow it. It may also irritate the eyes or lungs. Eye contact: Flush the eye with plenty of water. If irritation persists, call for medical help. Skin contact: Wash off with water. If swallowed: If the amount swallowed is not trivial, call for medical help. SO2 Major hazard : Inhalation Odour : Pungent and Irritating S Contact with the eyes can cause irritation. The solid may also irritate the lungs if breathed in. Sulphur burns to give toxic gases, so should not be burnt in the open laboratory. Wear safety glasses. Solid sulphur should pose only minor hazards unless heated to a temperature at which it will burn. Safety glasses required. NaCl May cause eye irritation. Reference: http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/Chemistry/Miscellenous/Helpfile/Kinetics/Rateorder.htm Chemistry 2 Cambridge Advanced Sciences Endorsed by OCR page 109 http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/~hmc/hsci/chemicals/sodium_thiosulphate.html

War and Grief in Faulkner’s Shall Not Perish and The Unvanquished :: Faulkner’s The Unvanquished Essays

War and Grief in Faulkner’s Shall Not Perish and The Unvanquished It is inevitable when dealing regularly with a subject as brutal as war, that death will occur. Death brings grief for the victim’s loved ones, which William Faulkner depicts accurately and fairly in many of his works, including the short story â€Å"Shall Not Perish† and The Unvanquished. While the works differ because of the time (The Unvanquished deals with the Civil War while â€Å"Shall Not Perish† takes place during World War II) and the loved ones grieving (The Unvanquished shows the grief of a lover and â€Å"Shall Not Perish† shows the grief of families), the pain they all feel is the same. When we first meet Cousin Drusilla, her fiancà ©e Gavin has already died at battle. Some Southern ladies may have handled their grief passively, retreating to their beds to sleep their pain away. However, Drusilla takes a different approach. She becomes a part of the war, actively saving her horse when the Yankees burn her family home and eventually joining her uncle’s cavalry. Drusilla refuses to passively grieve; she becomes a part of the war for which her lover felt so strongly that he was willing to die. In doing so, however, she becomes detached from the Southern life the men are trying to preserve. She thinks Gavin’s death has opened her eyes to a new world and that the old world in which they lived was pointless. â€Å"Living used to be dull, you see. Stupid. You lived in the same house your father was born in and your father’s sons and daughters had the sons and daughters of the same negro slaves to nurse and coddle, and then you grew up and you fell in love with your acceptable young man and in time you would marry him, in your mother’s wedding gown perhaps and with the same silver for presents she had received†¦Stupid, you see† (100-101). However, Drusilla—even though she may not be willing to admit it, even to herself—had always wanted that kind of life. She easily fell in love with Gavin, and once he was gone, she decided to give up her dreams of that kind of life—she wasn’t going to wait for the war to end so she could start the cycle of finding â€Å"an acceptable young man† again. Drusilla was going to take Gavin’s spot in the war, out of love and grief and loyalty.

Atacama region border dispute between chile and bolivia

Atacama border conflict is one of the longest border conflicts in the world.   It was a border conflict between Chile and Bolivia in the 1800s and ended up with signing of the Peace Treaty between Chile and Bolivia in 1904 and Chile and Bolivia in 1929.At the end of the conflict, Chile annexed all the coastal strip of Bolivia and the southern tip of Peru.   At a point in the course of the conflict, Argentina was drawn into the conflict resulting to its annexation of Bolivian territory which as controlled by Chile.Even after the signing of the peace treaty, the conflict seems to be going on since Bolivia still claim to be granted the sovereign access to Pacific Ocean even after annexation of its costal strip.   Although the area as owned by Bolivia and Peru, Chile continued with mining mineral rights even after the signing of the treaty which as Bolivia list it entire coastal line making it landlocked country.The main cause of the conflict was the abundance of mineral in the Ata cama Desert. Atacama Desert is the driest desert on either with little human inhabitation. However, it is very rich in minerals especially sodium nitrate.This paper will review the Atacama Desert conflict. The paper will first review the geographical background of the Atacama Desert before going into details of the course of the conflict.   The paper will review the main factors that may have fueled the conflict, the course of the conflict and the results of the conflict.Geographical background of the regionThe region of conflict was lying in the Atacama Desert.   Atacama Desert it located in Chile and it covers more than one third of the northern side of Chile stretching for more than 1000 Km. It straddles the Southern border of the country with Peru.The desert is bound on its Westside by dry hills and mounts and on the pacific cost side extending eastward to the Andes Mountains (MundonAndino, 2009).   Atacama is about 13,000 feet high making it the highest and the coldest de sert in the world.The atacama is the direst place on earth.   It is very sterile since it is blocked from the getting moisture by the Andes Mountain and the coastal Chilean Coast Ranges.The center of the  Ã‚   desert has been referred by climatologist as the absolute desert on earth. As long as climatologists have recorded rainfall in the world, there is no rain that has been recorded in the central part of the desert.   However, some areas in the desert have recorded annual average rainfall between 0.6 and 2.1 mm leading to growth of sparsely distributed vegetations.In the area where no rainfall has been recorded, the only moisture in these areas comes from the dense fogs which are called camanchaca formed from the association of cold air and ocean currents which originate from the Antarctic regions.   Life in Atacama is one of the most complexes since this fog is harvested by both plants and animals alike.   The human beings living in Atacama harvest the fog and use the fog nets which capture the fogs and turn it to drinking water (Veblen and Kenneth 2000, p. 26).The landscape is the same as it meteorology.   The landscape consists of plateaus covered by lava flows and basins of salt.   From the image above, the conspicuous white area is a Salt Flat which is located few miles south of one of the small village in San Pedro which is regarded as the epicenter of the desert.Atacama is one of the sparsely population areas on earth.   However, there is an oasis at the middle of the desert which is elevated 200 meters where the village of San Pedro De Atacama lies.   Apparenlty this is a church which was constructed by Spanish conquerors around 1577 (Fernand 1984, p. 59)).Before the conquest by Spanish, the area was mainly inhabited by Atacameno tribe which is credited with the construction of the some fortified towns referred to as pucaras. With the coming of Spanish Empire, there was remarkable growth of cities and tow along the coast  Ã‚   wh ich were mainly due to growth of silver trade mined in Potosi and other mines around the desert.Archeological evidence also shows that San Pedro de Atacama could have been the center for Paleolithic civilizations. Other important mines which are located in the desert include Escondida mine and Chuquicamata mines.Despite the ragged and dry landscape, Atacama is very rich in minerals.   It is a rich source of copper and nitrates which has been the subject of conflict for along time.The whole desert is awash with abandoned nitrate mines. Apart from this, the desert has scientific importance as it is being used by scientists to study the possible survival tactics used by the inhabitants (Absolute Astronomy, 2009). Scientists have showed that the soil at the center of the Atacama Desert is like that in mass and the life in the desert could give important clues to possibility of life in mars.